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Lipoedema is a common but infrequently recognized condition causing bilateral enlargement of the legs in women. Although generally considered to be the result of an abnormal deposition of subcutaneous fat with associated oedema, the precise mechanisms responsible for oedema formation have yet to be fully established. In order to evaluate the possible role of lymphatic or venous dysfunction in the pathogenesis of lipoedema, 10 patients were investigated by photoplethysmography (venous function) and quantitative lymphoscintigraphy (lymphatic function). The results were compared with those from patients with primary lymphoedema and those from healthy volunteers. The results demonstrated minor abnormalities of venous function in only two patients. One patient had moderately impaired lymphatic function in both legs and seven patients had a marginal degree of impairment in one or both legs. However, in none of these cases did the impairment attain the low levels seen in true lymphoedema. Lipoedema appears to be a distinct clinical entity best classified as a lipodystrophy rather than a direct consequence of any primary venous or lymphatic insufficiency.
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BACKGROUND: A 23-year-old male was referred to our clinic with diagnosis of idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency. A detailed family history revealed short stature and swelling of legs which only affected females in four generations of his family. METHODS: Combined pituitary function tests revealed growth hormone deficiency, secondary hypothyroidism and hypoprolactinemia in the proband. His mother had hypoprolactinemia and growth hormone deficiency. A diagnosis of inherited combined pituitary deficiency due to a PIT-1 mutation was suspected in view of the short stature with associated multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. RESULTS: A mutation was identified in PIT-1 (POU1F1), 196C>T, which produces the amino acid change P24L in exon 1. The mutation was also found in the mother of the proband but not in his phenotypically normal half-sister. CONCLUSION: The case shows a novel association of two rare conditions Pit-1 mutation and lipoedema in a family that has not been described before. It also allows formulation of hypothesis on the interaction of growth hormone and sex steroids resulting in abnormal fat distribution in predisposed subjects at the time of puberty.
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Chronic edema is a multifactorial condition affecting patients with various diseases. Although the pathophysiology of edema varies, compression therapy is a basic tenant of treatment, vital to reducing swelling. Clinical trials are disparate or lacking regarding specific protocols and application recommendations for compression materials and methodology to enable optimal efficacy. Compression therapy is a basic treatment modality for chronic leg edema; however, the evidence base for the optimal application, duration and intensity of compression therapy is lacking. The aim of this document was to present the proceedings of a day-long international expert consensus group meeting that examined the current state of the science for the use of compression therapy in chronic edema. An expert consensus group met in Brighton, UK, in March 2010 to examine the current state of the science for compression therapy in chronic edema of the lower extremities. Panel discussions and open space discussions examined the current literature, clinical practice patterns, common materials and emerging technologies for the management of chronic edema. This document outlines a proposed clinical research agenda focusing on compression therapy in chronic edema. Future trials comparing different compression devices, materials, pressures and parameters for application are needed to enhance the evidence base for optimal chronic oedema management. Important outcomes measures and methods of pressure and oedema quantification are outlined. Future trials are encouraged to optimize compression therapy in chronic edema of the lower extremities.
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- Genetics (1)
- Guidelines and Consensus (1)
- Lipedema (2)
- Original studies and data (1)
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