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This study explored experienced weight stigma, internalised weight bias and depressive symptom severity in lipoedema, a chronic health condition that primarily affects women and involves painful and disproportionate adipose tissue. This study utilised an international cross-sectional online survey i …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects 537 million people as of 2021, and is projected to rise to 783 million by 2045. This positions DM as the ninth leading cause of death globally. Among DM patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Notably, the prevalence rate …

Lipedema is a lipodystrophic disease that is typically characterized by a marked increase in lower-body subcutaneous adipose tissue that is purported to have increased inflammation and fibrosis, impaired microvascular/lymphatic circulation and to be resistant to reduction by weight loss therapy. However, these outcomes have not been adequately studied. We evaluated body composition, insulin sensitivity, metabolic health and adipose tissue biology in women with obesity and lipedema (Obese-LIP) before and after moderate (~9%) diet-induced weight loss. At baseline, people with Obese-LIP had ~23% greater leg fat mass, ~11% lower android-to-gynoid ratio and ~48% greater insulin sensitivity (all P<0.05) than women matched on age, BMI and whole-body adiposity. In Obese-LIP, macrophage content and expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis were greater, whereas lymph/angiogenesis-related genes were lower in thigh than abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Weight loss improved insulin sensitivity and decreased total fat mass, with similar relative reductions in abdominal and leg fat masses, but without changes in markers of inflammation and fibrosis. These results demonstrate that affected adipose tissue in women with lipedema is characterized by increased inflammation and fibrogenesis, and alterations in lymphatic and vascular biology. Moderate diet-induced weight loss improves metabolic function and decreases lower-body adipose tissue mass.

<p>The average values of CR-PCSS (T1), CR-PCSS (T2) and CR-PCSS (T3) over all participants were 2.22±0.82, 1.18±0.77, and 0.84±0.77, respectively, which corresponded to the skin improvement between T1 and T2 of 0.93±0.27 (p < 0.0001) as well as between T1 and T3 of 1.38±0.47 (p < 0.0001). Assessm</p> …

Routine cold-water immersion (CWI) is typically suggested to reduce inflammation, a hallmark property of lipedema. Lipedema is a connective tissue disorder with a genetic component that presents with a disproportionate distribution of nodules in the extremities. This case report explores the impact …

PURPOSE: To describe and analyse experiences of living with lipedema. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 women diagnosed with lipedema and analysed by qualitative content analysis utilizing an inductive approach. RESULTS: The overarching theme, "An uncertain uphill battle against a divergent body and societal ignorance", covers the experiences of living with lipedema and is based on five categories; "Captivated by a disintegrating body", "Face the impairments of a chronic condition", "Experience social exclusion", "Need emotional support to go on" and "Mull over an insecure future". The women felt entrapped within their bodies and experienced social exclusion due to the chronic symptoms and the progressive body shape alteration caused by their illness. Having experienced deficient information on the illness, varying support from other people, and a deteriorating economic situation, the women face an uncertain future. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms and restrictions caused by lipedema affect women's livelihood and future, as there are no indications for disease improvement. Preventive work aimed at reducing health deterioration should be a priority. More research is needed to raise healthcare awareness regarding difficulties experienced by patients with lipedema.

We were able to reduce the rate of postoperative complications to 3.07% in the Lymphological Liposculpture™ regime for the surgical treatment of LiDo. In their meta-analysis on liposuction, Kanapathy et al. reported an overall incidence of major surgical complications of 3.35%. The overall incidence …

This case report explores the use of radio electric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) technology for chronic pain management, functional limitations, and metabolic dysfunction in a 67-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis, advanced lipedema, and ...

BACKGROUND: Ketosis seems to attenuate, or prevent, the rise in both ghrelin concentrations and subjective hunger ratings that follow weight loss. However, most of the previous studies have employed very-low energy diets (VLED) and are therefore limited in terms of generalizability. OBJECTIVES: To compare changes in ghrelin plasma concentrations after a low-carbohydrate (LCD) versus an isocaloric low-fat low energy diet (LED) in females with lipedema. Secondary objectives were to determine potential differences between diets in changes in satiety hormones, and subjective ratings of appetite. METHODS: Females with obesity and lipedema were randomized to either an LCD (75 g carbohydrates) or low-fat diet (180 g carbohydrates) for 8 weeks. Plasma concentrations of ghrelin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin (CCK), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and subjective ratings of appetite were measured in the fasting and postprandial states, pre and post intervention. RESULTS: 55 females (30 in LCD) were included (age 47.9 ± 11.3 years, BMI 36.8 ± 5.1 kg/m2). Both LCD and low-fat groups lost weight (10.3 %, P < 0.001 and 7.3 %, P < 0.001, respectively), but the LCD lost significantly more. No within or between groups differences were found for ghrelin in the fasting state. A reduction in postprandial (tAUC) ghrelin was seen only in the LCD group (P = 0.002), and this change was significantly different from the low-fat group (P = 0.046). The LCD group also reported an increase in postprandial (both iAUC and tAUC) fullness ratings (P = 0.035 and P = 0.005, respectively), but this was not significantly different from the low-fat group (P = 0.703 and P = 0.365, respectively), despite the latter experiencing no change (P = 0.127 and P = 0.152, respectively). Conversely, only the low-fat group reported increased hunger in fasting (P = 0.046), but changes were not significantly different from the LCD group (P = 0.711). A decrease in postprandial (both tAUC and iAUC) CCK was observed in both LCD and low-fat diet groups (P ≤ 0.005 for all). CONCLUSION: Despite no changes in fasting ghrelin concentrations in either of the diet groups, a reduction in postprandial ghrelin and increased fullness was seen in the LCD group. These favorable changes in appetite in the LCD group might have contributed to the greater weight loss observed in this group. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04632810, Effect of Ketosis on Pain and Quality of Life in Patients With Lipedema (Lipodiet).

Lymphoedema and lipoedema can present similarly however have different aetiologies and should be considered as distinct clinical entities. Pain is a distinguishing feature of lipoedema. Liposuction can be used in both conditions to reduce bulk and enhance quality of life. Analgesia requirements for …

BACKGROUND: Lipedema is a disease typically affecting women with a symmetrical, painful fat distribution disorder, which is hypothesized to be caused by impaired adipogenesis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, leading to fibrosis and the development of edema in lipedema subcutaneous adipose tissue. The pathogenesis and molecular processes leading to lipedema have not yet been clarified. METHODS: A whole transcriptome analysis of subcutaneous tissue of lipedema stages I (n = 12), II (n = 9), and III (n = 8) compared with hypertrophied subcutaneous tissue (n = 4) was performed. Further data about hormonal substitution and body morphology were collected. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05861583). RESULTS: We identified several differentially expressed genes involved in mechanisms leading to the development of lipedema. Some genes, such as PRKG2, MEDAG, CSF1R, BICC1, ERBB4, and ACP5, are involved in adipogenesis, regulating the development of mature adipocytes from mesenchymal stem cells. Other genes, such as MAFB, C1Q, C2, CD68, CD209, CD163, CD84, BCAT1, and TREM2, are predicted to be involved in lipid accumulation, hypertrophy, and the inflammation process. Further genes such as SHTN1, SCN7A, and SCL12A2 are predicted to be involved in the regulation and transmission of pain. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the pathogenesis and development of lipedema might be caused by alterations in adipogenesis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix remodeling, leading to fibrosis and the formation of edema resulting in this painful disease. These processes differ from hypertrophied adipose tissue and may therefore play a main role in the formation of lipedema.

Lipedema is a chronic disorder affecting women with a 10% incidence worldwide. It is often confused with obesity. This study was undertaken to study microRNAs in lipedema tissue assessed by direct hybridization using the robust n-counter flex DX CE-IVD platform. The mean age of the subjects participating in the study was 40.29 (±12.17). The mean body weight and BMI were 67.37 (±10.02) and 25.75 (±4.10), respectively. The lipedema stages included were I and II. The differential expressed human (hsa)-miRNAs were determined according to a log2 fold-change (LFC) of 0.5 and p value < 0.05. To these, increased expression of hsa-let-7g-5p was evident, as well as reduced levels of hsa-miR-371a-5p, -4454+7975, -365a+b-3p, -205-5p, -196a-5p, -4488, -2116-5p, -141-3p, -208a-3p, -302b-3p, 374a-5p, and -1297. Then, several bioinformatics tools were used to analyze microarray data focusing on validated target genes in silico. KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Furthermore, the protein-protein interaction and co-expression network were analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape, respectively. The most upregulated miRNA mainly affected genes related to cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The downregulated microRNAs were related to endocrine resistance, insulin resistance, hypersensitivity to AGE-RAGEs, and focal adhesion. Finally, we validated by RT-PCR the upregulated hsa-let-7g-5p and two down-regulated ones, hsa-miR-205-5p and hsa-miR-302b-3p, confirming microarray results. In addition, three mRNA target miRNAs were monitored, SMAD2, the target of the hsa-let-7g-5p, and ESR1 and VEGFA, the target of hsa-miR-205-5p and hsa-miR-302b-3p, respectively. Our results open a new direction for comprehending biochemical mechanisms related with the pathogenesis of lipedema, shedding light on this intricate pathophysiological condition that could bring to light possible biomarkers in the future.

The treatment of lipedema remains challenging, largely due to widespread misconceptions. Selecting the appropriate treatment method necessitates the use of accurate outcome measures. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of compression therapy combined with exercises versus exercises alone in lipedema patients using various outcome measures. Twenty-four women with lipedema were divided into two equal groups: one group received compression therapy plus exercises while the other group performed exercises only. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed before and after the intervention using several measures: an SF-36 questionnaire, a symptom severity survey, circumference (via 3D scanning), and body composition analysis. Significant improvements were observed in the SF-36 Physical Functioning and SF-36 Energy/Fatigue scores among participants in the compression group. Additionally, there was a reduction in the heaviness of extremities, the disproportion between the trunk and limbs, and the level of swelling in the compression therapy. Circumferences decreased in both groups. Although more circumferences were significantly reduced in the compression group, the reduction at the point above the knee was greater in the non-compression group. Compression therapy is an effective treatment for lipedema. Various measures, such as quality-of-life questionnaires and symptom severity surveys, can be used as valuable tools for assessing the effectiveness of lipedema treatment.

Introduction Lipoedema is a congenital fat distribution disorder. It leads to a pathological increase in adipose tissue due to a hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adipocytes. Currently, the disease affects about 10% of women. A common treatment of the disease is liposuction to remove the pathologic fat cells. Patients and Methods A total of 47 patients (mean age: 62.00 ± 12.96 years) were treated with the conventional tumescent liposuction and 25 patients (mean age of 45.16 ± 12.87 years) with Waterjet-assisted liposuction (WAL), a gentle, tissue-conserving method which washes out fat cells. WAL is thought to cause less damage to surrounding tissue than tumescent liposuction and thus, less trauma. Results The postoperative level the C-reactive protein was significantly (p* = 0.0195) lower after WAL treatment, implying a lower inflammation level than after tumescent liposuction. Also, a decrease of electrolytes such as potassium in the blood serum was observed in some cases. The postoperative potassium level dropped by 0.30 ± 0.24mmol/l, a value which was significantly lower in WAL treated patients where the level dropped by 0.47 ± 0.31mmol/l. The mean fat aspirate using the conventional tumescent method was 3,302.13 ± 1,345.89ml and 3,727.08 ± 151.96ml with the WAL treatment. Conclusions: WAL is a tissue-conserving method that washes out fat cells with less trauma to surrounding tissue as observed with conventional tumescent liposuction. WAL causes a lower inflammation level but higher loss of potassium ions. This latter aspect needs attention after the liposuction treatment.

Lipedema is characterized by abnormal fat deposition in areas such as the arms, hips, buttocks, and thighs, sparing the hands and feet. Symptoms include pain, bruising, edema, and subcutaneous nodules, which resist traditional interventions such as diet and exercise. Despite increasing recognition, …

Background: Lipedema is a disease characterized by an increase in extracellular fluid. In these patients, the increase in the amount of extracellular fluid may accelerate the progression of the disease. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) on intracellular/extracellular fluid balance. Methods and Results: Twenty-two female patients diagnosed with lipedema by a specialist lymphologist were included in the study. Patients were subjected to complex decongestive therapy and pneumatic compression therapy 6 days a week for 1 month. Extracellular and intracellular fluid volumes were assessed using bioimpedance spectroscopy before and after the treatment. A decrease in intracellular (p = 0.010) and extracellular (p = 0.002) fluid volumes was observed after the treatment. Conclusion: There is no completely curative treatment method for lipedema. Current treatments aim to slow down the progression of the disease. CDT is considered effective in reducing intracellular and extracellular fluid volume in lipedema patients. Therefore, it is thought to be effective in slowing down the progression of the disease.

BACKGROUND: Lipedema is a frequently misdiagnosed condition in women, often mistaken for obesity, which significantly deteriorates both quality of life and physical health. Recognizing the necessity for holistic treatment strategies, research has increasingly supported the integration of specific dietary approaches, particularly ketogenic diets focusing on low-carbohydrate and high-fat intake. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the impact of ketogenic diets on women with lipedema through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by reviewing published, peer-reviewed studies addressing the implications of a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) ketogenic diet in managing lipedema following comprehensive scrutiny of digital medical databases, such as PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and the Web of Science. This research was governed by specified parameters, including an established search string composed of search terms and an eligibility criterion (PICO) as denoted by the principal authors. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1 software with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale utilized for quality appraisal of the included studies. RESULTS: Seven studies reporting statistical outcomes were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis following a rigorous quality appraisal and data identification process. Three hundred and twenty-nine female participants were diagnosed with lipedema and treated using a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Data analysis identified the high-fat diet with a mean study duration of 15.85 weeks. Mean Differences (MDs) on changes pre- and post-intervention showed significant reductions in BMI and total body weight [4.23 (95% CI 2.49, 5.97) p < 0.00001 and 7.94 (95% CI 5.45, 10.43) p < 0.00001 for BMI and body weight, respectively]. Other anthropometric measurements, such as changes in waist/hip circumferences and waist/hip ratios, showed a significant reduction in these parameters, with an MD of 8.05 (95% CI 4.66, 11.44) p < 0.00001 and an MD of 6.67 (95% CI 3.35, 9.99) p < 0.0001 for changes in waist and hip circumferences from baseline, respectively. Lastly, changes in pain sensitivity were statistically significant post-intervention [MD 1.12 (95% CI, 0.44, 1.79) p = 0.001]. All studies scored fair on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. CONCLUSIONS: despite the limited studies and low number of study participants, the review observed a significant reduction in anthropometric and body composition metrics, indicating a potentially beneficial association between LCHF ketogenic diets and lipedema management.

AimThis study aimed to monitor public interest in information related to Lipedema and examine potential temporal, seasonal, and income-related trends that may impact public interest.Material – MethodsA dataset was created using the Google Trends tool by inputting the keyword “Lipedema” to obtain the relative search volume (RSV) from 2004 to the present in the United States (US). To examine potential income-related disparities in public interest in Lipedema across the US, RSV values were recorded in the five states with the highest and the lowest median income (Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Utah, and Washington and Mississippi, West Virginia, Arkansas, New Mexico, Kentucky, respectively).ResultsPublic interest in Lipedema increased significantly over time (R2 = 0.693, p < .001 for the linear trend; R2 = 0.880, p < .001 for the quadratic trend). There were no significant differences between the RSV values between the month of the year and the season of the year (p = 1.000 and p = .859, respectively). RSV values of the five highest-income and low-income states showed significant increases (R2 = 0.333, p < .001, and R2 = 0.195, p < .001, respectively) More rapid growth in interest in Lipedema in states with high income compared to the states with low income (p < .001).ConclusionPublic interest in Lipedema is increasing in both high-income and low-income states. States with higher incomes are more interested. Searches for lipedema are expected to become more frequent, leading to a rising demand for comprehensive education in medical schools and clinician training programs. In addition, there will also be a need for easily accessible, high-quality information resources.