Glucose and lipid metabolism, bone density, and body composition in individuals with Williams syndrome.

Resource type
Authors/contributors
Title
Glucose and lipid metabolism, bone density, and body composition in individuals with Williams syndrome.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We assessed body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), glucose and lipids in Williams syndrome (WS), a rare microdeletion disorder. DESIGN: Individuals with WS had outpatient assessment at Massachusetts General Hospital. Controls were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2006). PATIENTS: A total of 22 individuals with WS, each matched by age, sex and race to four NHANES controls. MEASUREMENTS: Blood sampling, oral glucose tolerance test, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. RESULTS: WS and control groups were 59% female and 29 ± 8 years old. Compared to controls, individuals with WS were shorter but had similar body weight, with more fat and less lean mass. Per cent body fat was higher in WS even after adjusting for BMI (+2.1% [95% CI 0.4, 3.9%]). Four WS patients had abnormal lower extremity fat accumulation resembling lipedema. HbA1c (+0.5% [0.2, 0.7]) and 2-hour glucose (+68 mg/dL [44, 93]) were higher in WS vs controls, differences which persisted after adjusting for BMI. Fasting glucose was comparable between groups. LDL (-18 mg/dL [-35, -2]) and triglycerides (-45 mg/dL [-87, -2]) were significantly lower in WS. Whole-body BMD was significantly lower (-0.15 g/cm(2) [-0.20, -0.11]) in WS, and this remained true controlling for height (-0.06 g/cm(2) [-0.11, -0.02]). Vitamin D was <30 ng/mL in 81% of those with WS. CONCLUSIONS: On average, adults with WS have increased fat, decreased lean mass, impaired glucose homeostasis and reduced BMD. Clinical efforts to build muscle and bone mass, and to ensure vitamin D sufficiency, are warranted. Genotype-phenotype research efforts are also warranted.
Publication
Clinical endocrinology
Volume
89
Issue
5
Pages
596-604
Date
2018 Nov
Journal Abbr
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
Language
eng
ISSN
1365-2265 0300-0664 0300-0664
Rights
© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Citation
Shaikh, S., Waxler, J. L., Lee, H., Grinke, K., Garry, J., Pober, B. R., & Stanley, T. L. (2018). Glucose and lipid metabolism, bone density, and body composition in individuals with  Williams syndrome. Clinical Endocrinology, 89(5), 596–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13829
Publication